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The early history of Portugal is shared with the rest of the Iberian Peninsula. Main articles: Lusitania, Visigothic Kingdom, Suebic Kingdom of Galicia, and Umayyad conquest of Hispania Main articles: History of Portugal and Economic history of Portugal O 1.4 Union with Spain and struggle for independence O 1.3 Exploration, colonization and trade It is a member of the European Union (joined the then EEC in 1986, leaving the EFTA where it was a founding member in 1960) and the United Nations as well as a founding member of the Latin Union, the Organization of Ibero-American States, OECD, NATO, Community of Portuguese Language Countries, the European Union’s Eurozone, and also a Schengen state. It is the 13th-most peaceful and the 8th-most globalized country in the world. Portugal is a developed country and it has the world’s 19th-highest quality-of-life, according to The Economist Intelligence Unit. After the Portuguese Colonial War and the Carnation Revolution in 1974, the democracy was restored and the country handed over its last overseas provinces (most prominently Angola and Mozambique in Africa) the last overseas territory, Macau, was handed over to China in 1999. After the overthrow of the monarchy in 1910, a democratic but unstable republic was established that was then replaced by the “Estado Novo” dictatorship. The 1755 Lisbon earthquake, Spanish and French invasions, which preceded the loss of its largest territorial possession abroad, Brazil, resulted in both the disruption of political stability and economic growth as well as the reduction of Portugal’s international status as a global power during the 19th century.
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In 1580, after a succession crisis it was united with Spain for a period called the Iberian Union however in 1640 it re-established full independence during the Portuguese Restoration War that resulted in the establishment of a new dynasty and a return to the previous separation between the two empires. In the 15th and 16th centuries, as the result of maritime exploration, Portugal established a global empire that included possessions in Africa, Asia and South America, becoming one of the world’s major economic, political and military powers.
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With the establishment of the Kingdom recognized in 1143 and the stabilization of its borders by 1249, Portugal claims to be the oldest European nation-state. In the early 8th century Muslim Moors conquered those Christian kingdoms, occupying most of the Iberian Peninsula.ĭuring the Christian Reconquista (Reconquering), the County of Portugal was settled, as part of the Kingdom of Galicia. In the 5th century, after the fall of the Roman empire, it was occupied by several Germanic peoples, mainly the Suevi and the Visigoths. Roman settlers strongly influenced Portuguese culture, particularly the Portuguese language, mostly derived from Latin. the territory was occupied by the Gallaeci and the Lusitanians when it was integrated in the Roman Empire as the provinces of Lusitania and part of Gallaecia. The land within the borders of today’s Portuguese Republic has been continuously settled since prehistoric times.
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The Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira are also part of Portugal. Portugal is the westernmost country of Europe and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west and south and by Spain to the north and east.
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– Restoration of independence recognized 13 February 1668ĭate formats dd-mm-yyyy, yyyy-mm-dd, yyyy/mm/dd (CE)ġ Mirandese, spoken in some villages of the municipality of Miranda do Douro, was officially recognized in 1999 (Lei n.° 7/99 de 29 de Janeiro), since then awarding an official right-of-use Mirandese to the linguistic minority it is concerned. – Restoration of independence 1 December 1640 – in the European Union (light green) - ģ8☄6′N 9☉′W / 38.767°N 9.15°W / 38.767 -9.15Įthnic groups 96.87% Portuguese and 3.13% legal immigrants (Cape Verdeans, Brazilians, Ukrainians, Angolans, etc.) (2007)įormation Conventional date for Independence is 1139 – on the European continent (light green & dark grey) Location of Portugal (green)– on the European continent (light green & dark grey)– in the European Union (light green). For other uses, see Portugal (disambiguation).